Using the 'hosts' file to test or develop a website

If you are migrating to Kualo or building a new website, you may need to access the site before DNS has propagated. Editing your local 'hosts' file points your browser directly at the server's IP address, letting you test in a real environment without affecting what anyone else sees.

How it works

Modern PHP frameworks use URL rewrite rules to produce clean, SEO-friendly addresses. Because those rewrites rely on the domain name, simply browsing to the server's IP address often breaks the site. Editing the hosts file tells your operating system to resolve the domain to a specific IP address locally, so the full URL - rewrites and all - works correctly in your browser, while the rest of the world continues to reach the live site as normal.

Think of it like a private shortcut: your computer looks up the hosts file before it checks DNS, so it goes straight to the IP address you specify, but only for you.

What you will need

• Access to cPanel for your Kualo hosting account
• Administrator or sudo access on your computer
• A plain-text editor (see the OS-specific notes below for recommendations)

Step 1 - find the hosts file on your computer

The hosts file is stored in a different location depending on your operating system.

Do not open this file yet - you will need the IP address from Step 2 before you make any changes.

Step 2 - find your server's IP address in cPanel

1. Log in to cPanel.
2. Look at the General Information panel on the right-hand side of the home screen.
3. You will see either Shared IP Address or Dedicated IP Address listed there.
4. Make a note of that IP address - you will need it in the next step.

Step 3 - open and edit the hosts file

How you open the hosts file depends on your operating system. You must have administrator or sudo access to save changes.

Windows

1. Click Start and search for Notepad.
2. Right-click Notepad in the results and choose Run as administrator. If prompted by User Account Control, click Yes.
3. In Notepad, go to File > Open.
4. Navigate to C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\.
5. Change the file type filter (bottom-right of the Open dialog) from Text Documents to All Files, so the hosts file becomes visible.
6. Select hosts and click Open.

macOS

1. Open Terminal (you can find it in Applications > Utilities, or search with Spotlight).
2. Run the following command:

sudo nano /etc/hosts

3. Enter your administrator password when prompted. You will not see any characters as you type - this is normal. Press Return when done.

Linux

1. Open a terminal.
2. Run the following command, substituting your preferred editor if you do not use nano:

sudo nano /etc/hosts

3. Enter your sudo password when prompted.

Adding the hosts entry

Once the file is open, scroll to the bottom. You will see existing entries - do not change those. Add a new line in this format:

1.2.3.4 yourdomainatkualo.com www.yourdomainatkualo.com

Replace 1.2.3.4 with the IP address you found in Step 2, and replace yourdomainatkualo.com with your actual domain name.

For example, if your IP address is 185.23.144.10 and your domain is example.com, the line would look like this:

185.23.144.10 example.com www.example.com

Saving the file

• Windows - go to File > Save in Notepad.
• macOS and Linux (nano) - press Ctrl+O to save, then press Return to confirm the filename, then press Ctrl+X to exit.

Step 4 - refresh your browser

Close your browser completely and reopen it, or clear its cache. This ensures your browser picks up the new hosts entry rather than using a cached DNS result.

You should now be able to browse to your domain and see the Kualo-hosted version of the site.

Step 5 - revert when you are done

Once DNS has fully propagated and you no longer need the hosts file entry, you must remove it - otherwise your computer will keep bypassing the live DNS record and you will continue to be routed to the IP address you specified.

To remove the entry, open the hosts file again (following the same steps as above) and either:

• Delete the line you added, or
• Comment it out by placing a # at the start of the line, like this:

# 185.23.144.10 example.com www.example.com

Save the file, then close and reopen your browser and clear its cache.

Further reading

For background on how the hosts file works, see the Wikipedia article on the hosts file.